As patterns of social, cultural and economic changes manifest themselves differently across space and time, my research focus on two areas in Metro Vancouver for a case study: east Vancouver neighborhoods (excluding downtown east side and Chinatown where residents are homogenous with regard to their socio-demographic characteristics) and Richmond areas along No. 3 Road. The historical period my research will focus on is from the 1960s to the present. The central research question regards resident struggle to belong will be broken down to two interrelated aspects: what are the services and programs available in the neighborhoods that help build inclusive communities; what are the informal space in the neighborhoods for residents to build social networks and what are the roles of such networks in relation to civic participation.